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* SQLite Database Adapter
* Implements SQLite-specific SQL generation for time dimensions, string matching, and type casting
* Supports local SQLite with better-sqlite3 driver
*/
import { sql, type SQL, type AnyColumn } from 'drizzle-orm'
import type { TimeGranularity } from '../types'
import { BaseDatabaseAdapter, type DatabaseCapabilities, type WindowFunctionType, type WindowFunctionConfig } from './base-adapter'
export class SQLiteAdapter extends BaseDatabaseAdapter {
getEngineType(): 'sqlite' {
return 'sqlite'
}
/**
* SQLite does not support LATERAL joins
* Flow queries require LATERAL for efficient execution and are not supported on SQLite
*/
supportsLateralJoins(): boolean {
return false
}
// ============================================
// Funnel Analysis Methods
// ============================================
/**
* Build SQLite INTERVAL from ISO 8601 duration
* SQLite doesn't have native interval types, so we convert to seconds
* for arithmetic operations on Unix timestamps
*/
buildIntervalFromISO(duration: string): SQL {
const totalSeconds = this.durationToSeconds(duration)
return sql`${totalSeconds}`
}
/**
* Build SQLite time difference in seconds
* SQLite timestamps are stored as Unix seconds, so simple subtraction works
* Returns (end - start) as seconds
*/
buildTimeDifferenceSeconds(end: SQL, start: SQL): SQL {
return sql`(${end} - ${start})`
}
/**
* Build SQLite timestamp + interval expression
* Since SQLite stores timestamps as Unix seconds, just add the seconds
*/
buildDateAddInterval(timestamp: SQL, duration: string): SQL {
const totalSeconds = this.durationToSeconds(duration)
return sql`(${timestamp} + ${totalSeconds})`
}
/**
* Build SQLite conditional aggregation using CASE WHEN
* SQLite doesn't support FILTER clause, so we use CASE WHEN pattern
* Example: AVG(CASE WHEN step_1_time IS NOT NULL THEN time_diff END)
*/
buildConditionalAggregation(
aggFn: 'count' | 'avg' | 'min' | 'max' | 'sum',
expr: SQL | null,
condition: SQL
): SQL {
const fnName = aggFn.toUpperCase()
Iif (aggFn === 'count' && !expr) {
// COUNT(*) with condition -> COUNT(CASE WHEN condition THEN 1 END)
return sql`COUNT(CASE WHEN ${condition} THEN 1 END)`
}
// AVG/MIN/MAX/SUM -> AGG(CASE WHEN condition THEN expr END)
return sql`${sql.raw(fnName)}(CASE WHEN ${condition} THEN ${expr} END)`
}
/**
* Build SQLite date difference in periods
* SQLite uses Julian day calculations for date arithmetic
* Note: SQLite timestamps are stored as Unix seconds
*/
buildDateDiffPeriods(startDate: SQL, endDate: SQL, unit: 'day' | 'week' | 'month'): SQL {
switch (unit) {
case 'day':
// Calculate day difference using Julian day
return sql`CAST((julianday(datetime(${endDate}, 'unixepoch')) - julianday(datetime(${startDate}, 'unixepoch'))) AS INTEGER)`
case 'week':
// Calculate week difference
return sql`CAST((julianday(datetime(${endDate}, 'unixepoch')) - julianday(datetime(${startDate}, 'unixepoch'))) / 7 AS INTEGER)`
case 'month':
// Calculate month difference using string manipulation
return sql`((CAST(strftime('%Y', datetime(${endDate}, 'unixepoch')) AS INTEGER) - CAST(strftime('%Y', datetime(${startDate}, 'unixepoch')) AS INTEGER)) * 12 + (CAST(strftime('%m', datetime(${endDate}, 'unixepoch')) AS INTEGER) - CAST(strftime('%m', datetime(${startDate}, 'unixepoch')) AS INTEGER)))`
default:
throw new Error(`Unsupported date diff unit for SQLite: ${unit}`)
}
}
/**
* Build SQLite period series using recursive CTE
* SQLite 3.8.3+ supports recursive CTEs for generating sequences
*/
buildPeriodSeriesSubquery(maxPeriod: number): SQL {
return sql`(
WITH RECURSIVE periods(period_number) AS (
SELECT 0
UNION ALL
SELECT period_number + 1 FROM periods WHERE period_number < ${maxPeriod}
)
SELECT period_number FROM periods
) p`
}
/**
* Build SQLite time dimension using date/datetime functions with modifiers
* For integer timestamp columns (milliseconds), first convert to datetime
* SQLite doesn't have DATE_TRUNC like PostgreSQL, so we use strftime and date modifiers
* Returns datetime strings for consistency with other databases
*/
buildTimeDimension(granularity: TimeGranularity, fieldExpr: AnyColumn | SQL): SQL {
// For SQLite with Drizzle's { mode: 'timestamp' }, timestamps are stored as Unix seconds
// The datetime() function with 'unixepoch' expects seconds, so no conversion needed
// For SQLite, we need to apply modifiers directly in the datetime conversion
// to avoid nested datetime() calls which don't work properly
switch (granularity) {
case 'year':
// Start of year: 2023-01-01 00:00:00
return sql`datetime(${fieldExpr}, 'unixepoch', 'start of year')`
case 'quarter': {
// Calculate quarter start date using SQLite's date arithmetic
// First convert to datetime, then calculate quarter
const dateForQuarter = sql`datetime(${fieldExpr}, 'unixepoch')`
return sql`datetime(${dateForQuarter}, 'start of year',
'+' || (((CAST(strftime('%m', ${dateForQuarter}) AS INTEGER) - 1) / 3) * 3) || ' months')`
}
case 'month':
// Start of month: 2023-05-01 00:00:00
return sql`datetime(${fieldExpr}, 'unixepoch', 'start of month')`
case 'week':
// Start of week (Monday): Use SQLite's weekday modifier
// weekday 1 = Monday, so go to Monday then back 6 days to get start of week
return sql`date(datetime(${fieldExpr}, 'unixepoch'), 'weekday 1', '-6 days')`
case 'day':
// Start of day: 2023-05-15 00:00:00
return sql`datetime(${fieldExpr}, 'unixepoch', 'start of day')`
case 'hour': {
// Truncate to hour: 2023-05-15 14:00:00
const dateForHour = sql`datetime(${fieldExpr}, 'unixepoch')`
return sql`datetime(strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:00:00', ${dateForHour}))`
}
case 'minute': {
// Truncate to minute: 2023-05-15 14:30:00
const dateForMinute = sql`datetime(${fieldExpr}, 'unixepoch')`
return sql`datetime(strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:00', ${dateForMinute}))`
}
case 'second': {
// Already at second precision: 2023-05-15 14:30:25
const dateForSecond = sql`datetime(${fieldExpr}, 'unixepoch')`
return sql`datetime(strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', ${dateForSecond}))`
}
default:
// Fallback to converting the timestamp to datetime without truncation
return sql`datetime(${fieldExpr}, 'unixepoch')`
}
}
/**
* Build SQLite string matching conditions using LOWER() + LIKE for case-insensitive matching
* SQLite LIKE is case-insensitive by default, but LOWER() ensures consistency
*/
buildStringCondition(fieldExpr: AnyColumn | SQL, operator: 'contains' | 'notContains' | 'startsWith' | 'endsWith' | 'like' | 'notLike' | 'ilike' | 'regex' | 'notRegex', value: string): SQL {
switch (operator) {
case 'contains':
return sql`LOWER(${fieldExpr}) LIKE ${`%${value.toLowerCase()}%`}`
case 'notContains':
return sql`LOWER(${fieldExpr}) NOT LIKE ${`%${value.toLowerCase()}%`}`
case 'startsWith':
return sql`LOWER(${fieldExpr}) LIKE ${`${value.toLowerCase()}%`}`
case 'endsWith':
return sql`LOWER(${fieldExpr}) LIKE ${`%${value.toLowerCase()}`}`
case 'like':
return sql`${fieldExpr} LIKE ${value}`
case 'notLike':
return sql`${fieldExpr} NOT LIKE ${value}`
case 'ilike':
// SQLite doesn't have ILIKE, use LOWER() + LIKE for case-insensitive
return sql`LOWER(${fieldExpr}) LIKE ${value.toLowerCase()}`
case 'regex':
// SQLite regex requires loading extension, use GLOB as fallback
return sql`${fieldExpr} GLOB ${value}`
case 'notRegex':
// SQLite regex requires loading extension, use NOT GLOB as fallback
return sql`${fieldExpr} NOT GLOB ${value}`
default:
throw new Error(`Unsupported string operator: ${operator}`)
}
}
/**
* Build SQLite type casting using CAST() function
* SQLite has dynamic typing but supports CAST for consistency
*/
castToType(fieldExpr: AnyColumn | SQL, targetType: 'timestamp' | 'decimal' | 'integer'): SQL {
switch (targetType) {
case 'timestamp':
// For integer timestamp columns, convert to datetime
// Assumes millisecond Unix timestamps
return sql`datetime(${fieldExpr} / 1000, 'unixepoch')`
case 'decimal':
// Cast to REAL for decimal numbers
return sql`CAST(${fieldExpr} AS REAL)`
case 'integer':
return sql`CAST(${fieldExpr} AS INTEGER)`
default:
throw new Error(`Unsupported cast type: ${targetType}`)
}
}
/**
* Build SQLite AVG aggregation with IFNULL for NULL handling
* SQLite AVG returns NULL for empty sets, using IFNULL for consistency
*/
buildAvg(fieldExpr: AnyColumn | SQL): SQL {
return sql`IFNULL(AVG(${fieldExpr}), 0)`
}
/**
* Build SQLite CASE WHEN conditional expression
*/
buildCaseWhen(conditions: Array<{ when: SQL; then: any }>, elseValue?: any): SQL {
// Check if 'then' values are SQL objects (they have queryChunks property)
// If so, we need to treat them as SQL expressions, not bound parameters
const cases = conditions.map(c => {
// Check if it's a SQL object by checking for SQL-like properties
const isSqlObject = c.then && typeof c.then === 'object' &&
(c.then.queryChunks || c.then._ || c.then.sql);
if (isSqlObject) {
// It's a SQL expression, embed it directly without parameterization
return sql`WHEN ${c.when} THEN ${sql.raw('(') }${c.then}${sql.raw(')')}`
} else E{
// It's a regular value, parameterize it
return sql`WHEN ${c.when} THEN ${c.then}`
}
}).reduce((acc, curr) => sql`${acc} ${curr}`)
Iif (elseValue !== undefined) {
const isElseSqlObject = elseValue && typeof elseValue === 'object' &&
(elseValue.queryChunks || elseValue._ || elseValue.sql);
if (isElseSqlObject) {
return sql`CASE ${cases} ELSE ${sql.raw('(')}${elseValue}${sql.raw(')')} END`
} else {
return sql`CASE ${cases} ELSE ${elseValue} END`
}
}
return sql`CASE ${cases} END`
}
/**
* Build SQLite boolean literal
* SQLite uses 1/0 for true/false
*/
buildBooleanLiteral(value: boolean): SQL {
return value ? sql`1` : sql`0`
}
/**
* Preprocess calculated measure templates for SQLite-specific handling
*
* SQLite performs integer division by default (5/2 = 2 instead of 2.5).
* This method wraps division operands with CAST to REAL to ensure float division.
*
* Pattern matched: {measure1} / {measure2} or {measure1} / NULLIF({measure2}, 0)
* Transforms to: CAST({measure1} AS REAL) / ...
*
* @param calculatedSql - Template string with {member} references
* @returns Preprocessed template with CAST for division operations
*/
preprocessCalculatedTemplate(calculatedSql: string): string {
// Match division patterns: {anything} / {anything} or {anything} / NULLIF(...)
// We need to cast the numerator to REAL to ensure float division
// Pattern: captures the opening brace and content before division operator
const divisionPattern = /(\{[^}]+\})\s*\/\s*/g
return calculatedSql.replace(divisionPattern, (_match, numerator) => {
// Replace {measure} with CAST({measure} AS REAL)
const castNumerator = numerator.replace(/\{([^}]+)\}/, 'CAST({$1} AS REAL)')
return `${castNumerator} / `
})
}
/**
* Convert filter values to SQLite-compatible types
* SQLite doesn't support boolean types - convert boolean to integer (1/0)
* Convert Date objects to milliseconds for integer timestamp columns
*/
convertFilterValue(value: any): any {
if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
return value ? 1 : 0
}
if (value instanceof Date) {
return value.getTime()
}
if (Array.isArray(value)) {
return value.map(v => this.convertFilterValue(v))
}
// If it's already a number (likely already converted timestamp), return as-is
if (typeof value === 'number') {
return value
}
return value
}
/**
* Prepare date value for SQLite integer timestamp storage
* Convert Date objects to milliseconds (Unix timestamp * 1000)
*/
prepareDateValue(date: Date): any {
if (!(date instanceof Date)) {
// prepareDateValue called with non-Date value
// Try to handle it gracefully
if (typeof date === 'number') return date
Eif (typeof date === 'string') return new Date(date).getTime()
throw new Error(`prepareDateValue expects a Date object, got ${typeof date}`)
}
return date.getTime()
}
/**
* SQLite stores timestamps as integers (milliseconds)
*/
isTimestampInteger(): boolean {
return true
}
/**
* Convert SQLite time dimension results back to Date objects
* SQLite time dimensions return datetime strings, but clients expect Date objects
*/
convertTimeDimensionResult(value: any): any {
return value
}
// ============================================
// Statistical & Window Function Methods
// ============================================
/**
* SQLite has limited statistical support (no native STDDEV/VARIANCE/PERCENTILE)
* but supports window functions since SQLite 3.25
*/
getCapabilities(): DatabaseCapabilities {
return {
supportsStddev: false, // Requires extension
supportsVariance: false, // Requires extension
supportsPercentile: false, // Requires extension
supportsWindowFunctions: true, // SQLite 3.25+
supportsFrameClause: true,
supportsLateralJoins: false, // SQLite does not support LATERAL
supportsPercentileSubqueries: false // No percentile support anyway
}
}
/**
* SQLite does not have native STDDEV
* Returns null for graceful degradation
*/
buildStddev(_fieldExpr: AnyColumn | SQL, _useSample = false): SQL | null {
// SQLite doesn't have native STDDEV functions
// Return null to trigger graceful degradation
return null
}
/**
* SQLite does not have native VARIANCE
* Returns null for graceful degradation
*/
buildVariance(_fieldExpr: AnyColumn | SQL, _useSample = false): SQL | null {
// SQLite doesn't have native VARIANCE functions
// Return null to trigger graceful degradation
return null
}
/**
* SQLite does not have native PERCENTILE
* Returns null for graceful degradation
*/
buildPercentile(_fieldExpr: AnyColumn | SQL, _percentile: number): SQL | null {
// SQLite doesn't have native PERCENTILE functions
// Return null to trigger graceful degradation
return null
}
/**
* Build SQLite window function expression
* SQLite 3.25+ supports window functions
*/
buildWindowFunction(
type: WindowFunctionType,
fieldExpr: AnyColumn | SQL | null,
partitionBy?: (AnyColumn | SQL)[],
orderBy?: Array<{ field: AnyColumn | SQL; direction: 'asc' | 'desc' }>,
config?: WindowFunctionConfig
): SQL {
// Build OVER clause components
const partitionClause = partitionBy && partitionBy.length > 0
? sql`PARTITION BY ${sql.join(partitionBy, sql`, `)}`
: sql``
const orderClause = orderBy && orderBy.length > 0
? sql`ORDER BY ${sql.join(orderBy.map(o =>
o.direction === 'desc' ? sql`${o.field} DESC` : sql`${o.field} ASC`
), sql`, `)}`
: sql``
// Build frame clause if specified
let frameClause = sql``
if (config?.frame) {
const { type: frameType, start, end } = config.frame
const frameTypeStr = frameType.toUpperCase()
const startStr = start === 'unbounded' ? 'UNBOUNDED PRECEDING'
: typeof start === 'number' ? `${start} PRECEDING`
: 'CURRENT ROW'
const endStr = end === 'unbounded' ? 'UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING'
: end === 'current' ? 'CURRENT ROW'
: typeof end === 'number' ? `${end} FOLLOWING`
: 'CURRENT ROW'
frameClause = sql`${sql.raw(frameTypeStr)} BETWEEN ${sql.raw(startStr)} AND ${sql.raw(endStr)}`
}
// Combine OVER clause
const overParts: SQL[] = []
Iif (partitionBy && partitionBy.length > 0) overParts.push(partitionClause)
Eif (orderBy && orderBy.length > 0) overParts.push(orderClause)
if (config?.frame) overParts.push(frameClause)
const overContent = overParts.length > 0 ? sql.join(overParts, sql` `) : sql``
const over = sql`OVER (${overContent})`
// Build the window function based on type
switch (type) {
case 'lag':
return sql`LAG(${fieldExpr}, ${config?.offset ?? 1}${config?.defaultValue !== undefined ? sql`, ${config.defaultValue}` : sql``}) ${over}`
case 'lead':
return sql`LEAD(${fieldExpr}, ${config?.offset ?? 1}${config?.defaultValue !== undefined ? sql`, ${config.defaultValue}` : sql``}) ${over}`
case 'rank':
return sql`RANK() ${over}`
case 'denseRank':
return sql`DENSE_RANK() ${over}`
case 'rowNumber':
return sql`ROW_NUMBER() ${over}`
case 'ntile':
return sql`NTILE(${config?.nTile ?? 4}) ${over}`
case 'firstValue':
return sql`FIRST_VALUE(${fieldExpr}) ${over}`
case 'lastValue':
return sql`LAST_VALUE(${fieldExpr}) ${over}`
case 'movingAvg':
return sql`AVG(${fieldExpr}) ${over}`
case 'movingSum':
return sql`SUM(${fieldExpr}) ${over}`
default:
throw new Error(`Unsupported window function: ${type}`)
}
}
} |